Integration of soil application and seed treatment formulations of Trichoderma species for management of wet root rot of mungbean caused by Rhizoctonia solani

BACKGROUND: The efficacy of seed dressing and soil application formulations from the isolates of Trichoderma viride (IARI P1; MTCC 5369), T. virens (IARI P3; MTCC 5370) and T. harzianum (IARI P4; MTCC 5371) were evaluated individually and in combination in pot and field experiments during the rainy seasons of 2005, 2006 and 2007 for the management of wet root rot (Rhizoctonia solani) and improvement in the yield of mungbean. RESULTS: A seed dressing formulation, Pusa 5SD, and soil application formulations, Pusa Biogranule 6 (PBG 6) and Pusa Biopellet 16G (PBP 16G), based on Trichoderma virens, were found to be superior to other formulations in reducing disease incidence and increasing seed germination and shoot and root lengths in mungbean. In field experiments, a combination of soil application with PBP 16G (T. virens) and seed treatment with Pusa 5SD (T. virens) + carboxin was superior to any of these formulations individually in increasing seed germination, shoot and root lengths and grain yield and reducing wet root rot incidence in mungbean. Seed treatment was more effective than soil application for all the evaluated parameters. The combined application of Pusa 5SD and carboxin was also superior to individual treatment. CONCLUSION: The efficacy of the evaluated formulations against wet root rot of mungbean proved that the integration of soil application of PBP 16G and seed treatment with Pusa 5SD + carboxin is highly effective for the management of wet root rot, increasing plant growth and grain yield of mungbean Copyright © 2011 Society of Chemical Industry     

Spatial heterogeneity of soil water content in the reversion process of desertification in arid areas

Sandy soils in arid,rain-fed environments have low and limited water content,which is a principal factor limiting vegetation development,and a key constraint controlling the structure and functions of the ecological systems in arid areas.The spatial heterogeneity of soil water content is a major soil property,and a focus of soil science and hydrology.On the southern edge of the Tengger Desert,sample plots were selected from mobile sand dunes in desertified lands that had been enclosed for 5,15 and 25 years,respectively.This study explored the dynamic and spatial heterogeneity of soil water content in these different layers of soil that were also in the reversion process of desertification.The results showed that the soil water content of the mobile sand dunes was highest when in the initial stages of the reversion process of desertification,while the soil water content in the 0-20 cm,20-40 cm and 40-60 cm layers of soil was 1.769%,3.011%,and 2.967% respectively,presenting a restoring tendency after 25 years of enclosure.There were significant differences,as a whole,in the soil water content among different restoration stages and different soil layers,respectively.Changes in soil water content,in different soil layers,at different restoration stages,exhibited exponential or spherical patterns.The spatial distribution of soil water content exhibited a mosaic patch pattern with obvious spatial heterogeneity.The ratio of the heterogeneity of spatial autocorrelation to gross spatial heterogeneity was greater than 50%.The gross spatial heterogeneity of the 0-20 cm layer of soil improved gradually,while those of the 20-40 cm and 40-60 cm layers improved initially,then weakened in the reversion process of desertification.This study revealed that restoration with sand-binding vegetation reduced soil water content,and increased its spatial heterogeneity in arid areas.However,after 25 years of vegetation-soil system restoration,the soil water content started to increase and its spatial heterogeneity started to weaken.These results will further benefit the understanding of the ecological mechanism between soil water and sand-binding vegetation.     

土壤质量对绿化植物影响综合评价

土壤作为植物生命活动的重要场所,为园林植物的正常生理活动提供所需的养分,低劣的园林土壤质量将极大地制约园林植物的生长。本文以西安市三环绿化带为例,对绿化用地进行了土壤质量对绿化植物影响综合评价,希望找出绿化植物长势衰弱的原因,为西安市园林土壤质量管理政策的制定提供科学依据。     

土壤微生物功能多样性研究进展

土壤微生物功能多样性主要表现为土壤酶的多样性。土壤酶在土壤生态系统的物质循环和能量流动中扮演重要角色,其多样性比群落结构多样性更重要。文章主要综述土壤微生物功能多样性的研究状况,指出其不足之处,并探讨今后的研究方向。     

测定土壤有机质需要注意的几个问题

通过工作实践,对土壤有机质测定采用的重铬酸钾容量法在具体操作中应注意的几个问题做出详细阐述,规范土壤有机质测定的操作规程。     

冀东滨海重盐碱地原土绿化技术

针对冀东滨海重盐碱地原土绿化存在的问题,从整地、土壤改良、树种配置、育苗、栽植与管护等方面阐述了滨海重盐碱地原土绿化技术。     

辽宁省辣椒土传病害镰刀菌鉴定及rDNA-ITS序列分析

［目的］ 对分离的辣椒镰刀菌形态、基因序列进行研究,以确定病原菌的种类及这些菌的同源性,为进一步开展该病害诊断和防治研究奠定基础。［方法］ 对采自辽宁省各地辣椒土传病害的16株病菌进行形态观察及rDNA-ITS序列分析。［结果］ 引起辽宁省辣椒土传病害的主要镰刀菌有尖镰孢、茄镰孢、锐顶镰孢和串珠镰孢等4种,根据菌株分生孢子形态和rDNA ITS序列同源性,将ZW13、LY3、PJLJ、HC5、CY2、CY5、TLLJ、LY5、LY1菌株聚类为尖镰孢;FSLJ2和FSLJ3菌株聚类为茄镰孢;ZW和ZW18菌株聚类为锐顶镰孢;KPLJ、LZLJ、FSLJ1菌株聚类为串珠镰孢。［结论］ 从分子系统树和菌株间的遗传距离看出镰刀菌同种同源性都很高,不同种之间同源性相对较低,种间遗传差异较大。     

不同施肥配比对宁夏盐碱土壤油用向日葵产量的影响

研究了不同施肥配比对宁夏盐碱土壤向日葵产量的影响,建立了一元二次肥料效应函数方程.结果表明:对碱化土壤施氮量达到10.56 kg/667m2时,产量达到最大值183.2 kg/667m2;当施磷量达到5.71 kg/667m2时,产量达到最大值156.9 kg/667m2;最高产量施肥配方氮磷钾配比为10.56∶5.7...     

生防菌哈茨木霉FJAT-9040的GFP标记及土壤定殖示踪

哈茨木霉Trichoderma harzianum FJAT-9040对茄科尖孢镰刀菌具有较强拮抗作用。为跟踪分析该菌株在土壤中的存活与定殖特性,利用PEG-CaCl2介导的原生质体转化体系,筛选获得1株荧光性状稳定的菌株FJAT-9295,该菌株在生长速率、产孢量、对酸碱度和温度的适应性及对尖孢镰刀菌的抑菌活性等方面与野生型菌株FJAT-9040无显著差异（P〉0.05）。同时,研究了菌株FJAT-9295在4种类型土壤中的定殖能力以及作物生长对该菌株在土壤中定殖的影响。结果表明：菌株在育苗土中定殖最好,其次为沙土及菜园土,黄泥土中定殖最差;种植茄子比未种植作物的土壤更有利于菌株的存活;菌株FJAT-9295在不同类型土壤中的菌落数随时间的延长均略有下降,16天后趋于稳定,维持在105 CFU/g,较初始接菌量下降了约1个数量级。     

氮肥施用对石灰性土壤交换性钙含量的影响

为了揭示长期土壤化学物质投入量的不断增加给土壤造成的“亚健康”现象,更新石灰性土壤不会产生钙亏缺的传统理念,本试验研究了施用NH4Cl、( NH4 )2SO4、NH4NO3和尿素4种常用氮肥对石灰性土壤表层交换性钙含量的影响.结果表明:石灰性土壤经NH4Cl、1/2(NH4)2SO4、NH4NO3三种同体积不同浓度铵态...